Amsterdam
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Amsterdam (, UK also , Dutch: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands with a population of 872,680 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban area and 2,480,394 in the metropolitan area. Found within the province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the "Venice of the North", attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Amsterdam was founded at the Amstel, that was dammed to control flooding, and the city's name derives from the Amstel dam. Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, and became the leading centre for finance and trade. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19–20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Sloten, annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam, is the oldest part of the city, dating to the 9th century.
Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals, the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum, Hermitage Amsterdam, the Concertgebouw, the Anne Frank House, the Scheepvaartmuseum, the Amsterdam Museum, the Heineken Experience, the Royal Palace of Amsterdam, Natura Artis Magistra, Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, NEMO, the red-light district and many cannabis coffee shops. It drew more than 5 million international visitors in 2014. The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; with several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) among the world's most famous. Primarily known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system and narrow houses with gabled façades; well-preserved legacies of the city's 17th-century Golden Age. These characteristics are arguably responsible for attracting millions of Amsterdam's visitors annually. Cycling is key to the city's character, and there are numerous bike paths.
The Amsterdam Stock Exchange is considered the oldest "modern" securities market stock exchange in the world. As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) study group. The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters in the city, including: the Philips conglomerate, AkzoNobel, Booking.com, TomTom, and ING. Moreover, many of the world's largest companies are based in Amsterdam or have established their European headquarters in the city, such as leading technology companies Uber, Netflix and Tesla. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer. The city was ranked 4th place globally as top tech hub in the Savills Tech Cities 2019 report (2nd in Europe), and 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Port of Amsterdam is the fifth largest in Europe. The KLM hub and Amsterdam's main airport, Schiphol, is the Netherlands' busiest airport as well as the third busiest in Europe and 11th busiest airport in the world. The Dutch capital is considered one of the most multicultural cities in the world, with at least 177 nationalities represented.
A few of Amsterdam's notable residents throughout history include: painters Rembrandt and Van Gogh, the diarist Anne Frank, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza.
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Copyright Wikipedia and its contributors.Timeline Permanent link to this section.
- Announcement of marriage of Marretje Jans, Thomas Lankester
- Birth of Geertruida Van Ling
- Birth of Henriëtta Dorothea Van Lierop
- Birth of Aanne Aanne Mud
- Birth of Elisabeth Geertruida Maria Van der Elsken[4]
- Death of Johannes Lambertus Van Lierop
- Residence of Marinus Lankester
- Residence of Elizabeth Susanna Leenhouts
- Residence of David Marinus Lankester
- Announcement of marriage of David Marinus Lankester, Geertruida Van Ling
- Announcement of marriage of David Marinus Lankester, Geertruida Van Ling
- Marriage of David Marinus Lankester, Geertruida Van Ling
- Residence of Hermanus Van Ling
- Residence of Johanna Admiraal
- Residence of Geertruida Van Ling
- Birth of Marinus David Lankester
- Birth of Henriëtte Dorothea Louise Blickwedel
- Birth of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Residence of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Residence of Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Blickwedel
- Birth of Elisabeth Susanna Lankester
- Residence of Elisabeth Susanna Lankester
- Birth of Catharina Elisabeth Lankester
- Residence of Johan Bernard Hendrik Van Lierop
- Residence of Johannes Theodorus Holscher
- Residence of Catharina Elisabeth Lankester
- Birth of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Residence of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Birth of Franciscus Joannes Maria Rövekamp
- Birth of Jacoba Gezina Lankester
- Residence of Jacoba Gezina Lankester
- Birth of Aaldert Jan Jonker
- Birth of Hermanus Johannes Lankester
- Residence of Hermanus Johannes Lankester
- Birth of Fedde Feenstra
- Birth of David Johannes Lankester
- Residence of David Johannes Lankester
- Birth of Johannes Isaac Lankester
- Residence of Johannes Isaac Lankester
- Announcement of marriage of Klaas De Boer, Aaltje Eikelboom
- Residence of Aaltje Eikelboom
- Residence of Jacobus Eikelboom
- Residence of Everdina Hazelaar
- Marriage of Klaas De Boer, Aaltje Eikelboom
- Residence of Jacob Eikelboom
- Birth of Geertruida Dirkje Lankester
- Death of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Birth of Johanna Van Truijen
- Birth of Gerardus Antonius Johannes Van den Elsken
- Birth of Hendrik Bart Lankester
- Marriage of Adrianus Palsen, Poulina Martina Van Wijngaarden
- Birth of George Erardus Ris
- Residence of Eduard Grunwald
- Announcement of marriage of Marinus David Lankester, Elisabeth Geertruida Maria Van der Elsken[4]
- Announcement of marriage of Marinus David Lankester, Elisabeth Geertruida Maria Van der Elsken[4]
- Marriage of Marinus David Lankester, Elisabeth Geertruida Maria Van der Elsken[4]
- Residence of Elisabeth Geertruida Maria Van der Elsken[4]
- Adoption (Adopted by Marinus David Lankester) of Gerardus Antonius Johannes Van den Elsken
- Residence of Marinus David Lankester
- Birth of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Marriage of Renske Elfring, Jan Feenstra
- Residence of Grietje Mud
- Residence of Jan Feenstra
- Residence of Renske Elfring
- Birth of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Residence of Jan Feenstra
- Residence of Aan Feenstra
- Birth of Jannigje Palsen
- Birth of Jacoba Gesina Lankester
- Birth of Johannes Hendrikus Martelhoff
- Death of Geertruida Van Ling
- Residence of Jacoba Gesina Lankester
- Death of Hendrik Bart Lankester
- Residence of Christina Wilhelmina Schoonhoven
- Residence of Franciscus Schoonhoven
- Residence of Hendrina Mijntje Van Leur
- Residence of Willem Van Hall
- Residence of Johanna Verhallen
- Residence of Antonius Johannes Van Hall
- Residence of David Johannes Lankester
- Birth of Johanna Petronella Maria Van Hall
- Residence of David Johannes Lankester
- Residence of Geertruida Dirkje Lankester
- Residence of Pieter Veen
- Residence of Geeske Voordewind
- Announcement of marriage of Johannes Isaac Lankester, Dingena Cornelia Van Strien
- Marriage of Johannes Isaac Lankester, Dingena Cornelia Van Strien
- Residence of Dingena Cornelia Van Strien
- Residence of Cornelis Van Strien
- Residence of Jacomina Van Strien
- Marriage of Geertje Kok, David Johannes Lankester
- Announcement of marriage of Jacobus De Boer, Johanna Van Truijen
- Residence of Jacobus De Boer
- Marriage of Jacobus De Boer, Johanna Van Truijen
- Residence of Klaas De Boer
- Residence of Johanna Van Truijen
- Residence of Willem Van Truijen
- Residence of Hendrika Van der Wel
- Residence of Aaltje Eikelboom
- Residence of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Residence of Jan Feenstra
- Announcement of marriage of Franciscus Joannes Maria Rövekamp, Wilhelmina Johanna Van der Ham
- Residence of Franciscus Joannes Maria Rövekamp
- Residence of Franciscus Joannes Maria Rövekamp
- Residence of Helena Maria Krijger
- Residence of Johannes Franciscus Maria Rövekamp
- Announcement of marriage of Aaldert Jan Jonker, Hendrina Mijntje Schoonhoven
- Marriage of Aaldert Jan Jonker, Hendrina Mijntje Schoonhoven
- Residence of Aaldert Jan Jonker
- Residence of Jan Jonker
- Residence of Margje Slingenberg
- Residence of Hendrina Mijntje Schoonhoven
- Residence of George Erardus Ris
- Residence of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Marriage of Johanna Geertruida Lankester, George Erardus Ris
- Residence of Johannes Machiel Ris
- Death of Francine Christine Louise Sluijter
- Residence of Francine Christine Louise Sluijter
- Birth of Johan Varenbrink
- Residence of Johan Varenbrink
- Residence of David Marinus Lankester
- Residence of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Residence of Frederik Lodewijk Albert Varenbrink
- Residence of Johan Varenbrink
- Residence of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Residence of Jannigje Palsen
- Residence of Dirk Jacobus Lankester[24]
- Announcement of marriage of Aafje Schoonhoven, Gerard Dirk Van de Leur
- Announcement of marriage of Boukje Feenstra, Willem Hendrikus Oogjen
- Marriage of Aafje Schoonhoven, Gerard Dirk Van de Leur
- Residence of Gerard Dirk Van de Leur
- Residence of Aafje Schoonhoven
- Residence of Franciscus Schoonhoven
- Residence of Hendrina Mijntje Van Leur
- Residence of Leonardus Franciscus Schoonhoven
- Marriage of Boukje Feenstra, Willem Hendrikus Oogjen
- Residence of Boukje Feenstra
- Announcement of marriage of Grietje Feenstra, Auke Van der Meer
- Marriage of Grietje Feenstra, Auke Van der Meer
- Residence of Grietje Feenstra
- Marriage of Harm Feenstra, Geertje Zijda
- Residence of Harm Feenstra
- Announcement of marriage of Leonardus Franciscus Schoonhoven, Hendrika Catharina Van Arnhem
- Residence of Hendrika Catharina Van Arnhem
- Marriage of Leonardus Franciscus Schoonhoven, Hendrika Catharina Van Arnhem
- Residence of Franciscus Johannes Schoonhoven
- Birth of Liberta Lankester
- Birth of Johan De Boer
- Announcement of marriage of Johannes Hendrikus Martelhoff, Johanna Petronella Maria Van Hall
- Marriage of Johannes Hendrikus Martelhoff, Johanna Petronella Maria Van Hall
- Residence of Johannes Hendrikus Martelhoff
- Residence of Johannes Hendrikus Martelhoff
- Residence of Adriana Francisca Van den Akker
- Residence of Christina Wilhelmina Schoonhoven
- Residence of Johanna Petronella Maria Van Hall
- Residence of Martinus Wilhelmus Van Hall
- Birth of Bob Lankester
- Death of Bob Lankester
- Birth of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Death of Johanna Geertruida Lankester
- Death of Adrianus Palsen
- Residence of Sijke Elfring
- Birth of Jan Lankester
- Marriage of Johan De Boer, Liberta Lankester
- Occupation (Machinist, Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratorium Amsterdam) of Johan De Boer
- Burial of Johanna Van Truijen
- Death of Marinus David Lankester
- Burial of Jacobus De Boer
- Death of Jannigje Palsen
- Death of Dirk Jacobus Lankester
- Residence of Johan De Boer
- Death of Johan De Boer
- Death of Liberta Lankester
- Death of Nelly Marie Lankester
External links Permanent link to this section.
References Permanent link to this section.
- Bevolkingsregister AmsterdamAmsterdamPopulation registry, Amsterdam, 1874-1893, part 191, sheet 113
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamExtract of the birth record for Henriëtta Dorothea van Lierop, Amsterdam, 1800-03-02
- Bevolkingsregister LeeuwardenCivil registry, Leeuwarden, 1876-1904, sheet 719
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for George Erardus Ris & Johanna Geertruida Lankester, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1923-03-22, record 183
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Marinus David Lankester & Elisabeth Geertruida Maria van der Elsken, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1897-01-14, record 85
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamExtract of the death record for Johannes Lambertus van Lierop, civil registry of deaths, Amsterdam, 1883-03-02
- Bevolkingsregister Den HelderDen HelderCivil registry, Den Helder, 1860-1880, letter "L", sheet 45
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for David Marinus Lankester & Geertruida Van Ling, 1873-09-24
- Bevolkingsregister IlpendamIlpendamCivil registry, Ilpendam, 1850-1939, 43a-43b, sheet 565
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamBirth record for Jacoba Gesina Lankester, civil registry of births, Amsterdam, 1900-03-17, record 3318
- Burgerlijke Stand Nieuwer-AmstelNieuwer-AmstelMarriage record for Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Blickwedel & Henriëtta Dorothea van Lierop, civil registry of marriages, Nieuwer-Amstel, 1883-04-05, record 30
- Bevolkingsregister VlissingenVlissingenCivil registry, Vlissingen, 1901-1923, sheet 76
- Bevolkingsregister IlpendamIlpendamCivil registry, Ilpendam, 1850-1923, part 32, sheet 35
- Bevolkingsregister AmsterdamAmsterdamPopulation registry, Amsterdam, archive 5000, inventory 2536, part 3, sheet 192
- Burgerlijke Stand NoordwijkNoordwijkMarriage record for Franciscus Joannes Maria Rövekamp & Wilhelmina Johanna van der Ham, Civil registry of marriages, Noordwijk, 1920, records 43-44
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Aaldert Jan Jonker & Hendrina Mijntje Schoonhoven, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1921-08-08, record 674
- Bevolkingsregister LeeuwardenCivil registry, Leeuwarden, 1904-1922, sheet 120
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for David Johannes Lankester & Geertje Kok, 1916-08-02
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Klaas de Boer & Aaltje Eikelboom, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1891-11-12, record 2712
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Jacobus de Boer & Johanna Truijen, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1918-05-30, record 419
- Burgerlijke Stand NijmegenNijmegenMarriage record for Albert Varenbrink & Mathilda Grunwald, civil registry of marriages, Nijmegen, 1896-03-27, record 38
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Johannes Isaäc Lankester & Dingena Cornelia van Strien, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1915-12-16, record 991
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamExtract from the civil registry of births, Amsterdam, for Dirk Jacobus LankesterAccessed June 8, 1922
- PrivateA citation is available, but has not been published in order to protect people's privacy
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Jan Feenstra & Renske Elfring, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1898-03-02, record 590
- Burgerlijke Stand DelfzijlBirth record for Jan Feenstra, civil registry of births, Delfzijl, 1899-03-30, records 59
- Burgerlijke Stand OldenzaalOldenzaalMarriage record for Jan Feenstra & Petronella van Niekerk, civil registry of marriages, Oldenzaal, 1923-10-20, record 51
- Civil registry Rechtbank RotterdamRotterdamDeath record for Jan Feenstra, civil registry, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 1927-04-25, record 2064
- Civil registry Rechtbank RotterdamRotterdamCivil registry of births, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 1904-08-18, record 8176
- Burgerlijke Stand ZaandijkZaandijkCivil registry of deaths, Zaandijk, 1900-09-25, record 28
- Civil registry Rechtbank RotterdamRotterdamBirth record for Grietje Feenstra, civil registry of births, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 1907-01-03, record 102
- Burgerlijke stand ZaandamZaandamBirth record for Sijke Feenstra, civil registry of births, Zaandam, 1914-05-25, record 257
- Civil registry Rechtbank RotterdamRotterdamBirth record for Boukje Feenstra, civil registry of births, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 1908-06-03, record 6109
- Civil registry Rechtbank RotterdamRotterdamBirth record for Trijntje Feenstra, civil registry of births, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 1903, record 4632
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Harm Feenstra & Geertje Zijda, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1928-09-27, record 596
- Burgerlijke stand ZaandamZaandamCivil registry of deaths, Zaandam, 1937-01-23, record 37
- Bevolkingsregister LeeuwardenCivil registry, Leeuwarden, 1876-1904, sheet 180
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Willem hendrikus Oogjen & Boukje Feenstra, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1927-07-28, record 415
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Auke van der Meer & Grietje Feenstra, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1928-02-16, record 87
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamExtract from the civil registry of births, Amsterdam, for Jannigje PalsenAccessed June 14, 1922
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamExtract from the civil registry of births, Amsterdam, for Jacoba Gesina LankesterAccessed June 8, 1922
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Johannes Hendrikus Martelhoff & Johanna Petronella Maria van Hall, civil registry of marraiges, Amsterdam, 1932-06-02, record 281
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamExtract from the civil registry of deaths, Amsterdam, for Geertruida van LingAccessed June 8, 1922
- Burgerlijke stand IlpendamIlpendamMarriage announcement for Dirk Jacobus Lankester & Jannigje Palsen, Ilpendam, 1922-06-15
- Burgerlijke Stand UtrechtUtrechtMarriage record for Antonius Johannes van Hall & Christina Wilhelmina Schoonhoven, civil registry of marriages, Utrecht, 1910-05-25, record 326
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Gerard Dirk van de Leur & Aafje Schoonhoven, civil registry of marriages, Amsterdam, 1927-07-14, record 385
- Burgerlijke Stand HaarlemHaarlemMarriage record for Jacobus Lambertus Knol & Dirkje Francisca Schoonhoven, civil registry of marriages, Haarlem, 1921-11-02, record 635
- Burgerlijke Stand LeeuwardenLeeuwardenMarriage record for Fedde Feenstra & Pietertje Veen, civil registry of marriages, Leeuwarden, 1914-01-31, record 16
- Burgerlijke Stand HoornHoornDeath record for Dingena Cornelia van Strien, civil registry of deaths, Hoorn, 1922-06-01, record 70
- Burgerlijke Stand AbbekerkAbbekerkMarriage record for Johannes Isaäc Lankester & Neeltje Zwagerman, civil registry of marriages, Abbekerk, 1927-08-20, record 7
- Burgerlijke Stand AmsterdamAmsterdamMarriage record for Leonardus Franciscus Schoonhoven & Hendrika Catharina van Arnhem
- Personal accountsFirst-person account
- LabSpiegelJanuary 21, 1983, p.4
- De VolkskrantObituary for Nel M. Graafstal-Lankester, De Volkskrant, 2020-02-18Accessed February 23, 2020